Thesaurus Antonyms Related Words Synonyms Legend: Switch to new thesaurus. Telephone tapping - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Telephone tapping (also wire tapping or wiretapping in American English) is the monitoring of telephone and Internet conversations by a third party, often by covert means. The wire tap received its name because, historically, the monitoring connection was an actual electrical tap on the telephone line. Legal wiretapping by a government agency is also called lawful interception. Passive wiretapping monitors or records the traffic, while active wiretapping alters or otherwise affects it. In theory, telephone tapping often needs to be authorized by a court, and is, again in theory, normally only approved when evidence shows it is not possible to detect criminal or subversive activity in less intrusive ways; often the law and regulations require that the crime investigated must be at least of a certain severity. However the telephone recording laws in most U. S. This was introduced by Rob Nicholson on February 1. Bill C- 5. 5. The Supreme Court gave Parliament twelve months to rewrite a new law. Bill C- 5. 1 was then released, which transformed the Canadian Security Intelligence Agency. A single participant can legally, and covertly record a conversation. Otherwise police normally need a judicial warrant based upon probable grounds to record a conversation they are not a part of. In order to be valid wiretap authorization must state: 1) the offences being investigated by the wiretap, 2) the type of communication, 3) the identity of the people or places targeted, 4) the period of validity (6. Directions for interception of any message or class of messages under sub- section (2) of Section 5 of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1. Secretary to the Government of India in the Ministry of Home Affairs in the case of Government of India and by the Secretary to the State Government in- charge of the Home Department in the case of a state government. The government of India on 2. December 2 in a reply to parliament question no. CMS has struck a balance between national security, online privacy and free speech informed that to take care of the privacy of citizens, lawful interception and monitoring is governed by the Section 5(2) of Indian Telegraph Act, 1. Rule 4. 19. A of Indian Telegraph (Amendment) Rules, 2. Cabinet Secretary at Central Government level and Chief Secretary of the State at the state government level. In the U. S., telecommunications carriers are required by law to cooperate in the interception of communications for law enforcement purposes under the terms of Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA). Now that many exchanges have been converted to digital technology tapping is far simpler and can be ordered remotely by computer. This central office switch wiretapping technology using the Advanced Intelligent Network (AIN) was invented by Wayne Howe and Dale Malik at Bell. South's Advanced Technology R& D group in 1. US Patent #5,5. 90,1. If the tap is implemented at a digital switch, the switching computer simply copies the digitized bits that represent the phone conversation to a second line and it is impossible to tell whether a line is being tapped. A well- designed tap installed on a phone wire can be difficult to detect. In some instances some law enforcement may be able to even access a mobile phone's internal microphone even while it isn't actively being used on a phone call (unless the battery is removed or drained). These data can be accessed by security services, often with fewer legal restrictions than for a tap. This information used to be collected using special equipment known as pen registers and trap and trace devices and U. S. Today, a list of all calls to a specific number can be obtained by sorting billing records. A telephone tap during which only the call information is recorded but not the contents of the phone calls themselves, is called a pen register tap. For telephone services via digital exchanges, the information collected may additionally include a log of the type of communications media being used (some services treat data and voice communications differently, in order to conserve bandwidth). Non- official use. The phone jack connects to the wall socket while the phone being monitored is connected to the adapter's socket. The audio plug connects to the recording device (computer, tape recorder, etc.). Conversations can be recorded or monitored unofficially, either by tapping by a third party without the knowledge of the parties to the conversation, or recorded by one of the parties. This may or may not be illegal, according to the circumstances and the jurisdiction. There are a number of ways to monitor telephone conversations. One of the parties may record the conversation, either on a tape or solid- state recording device, or on a computer running call recording software. The recording, whether overt or covert, may be started manually, automatically by detecting sound on the line (VOX), or automatically whenever the phone is off the hook. An induction coil is usually placed underneath the base of a telephone or on the back of a telephone handset to pick up the signal inductively. An electrical connection can be made anywhere in the telephone system, and need not be in the same premises as the telephone. Some apparatus may require occasional access to replace batteries or tapes. Poorly designed tapping or transmitting equipment can cause interference audible to users of the telephone. The tapped signal may either be recorded at the site of the tap or transmitted by radio or over the telephone wires. These devices are low- powered as not much power can be drawn from the line, but a state- of- the- art receiver could be located as far away as ten kilometers under ideal conditions, though usually located much closer. Research has shown that a satellite can be used to receive terrestrial transmissions with a power of a few milliwatts. Widespread digital spread spectrum technology and encryption has made eavesdropping increasingly difficult. A problem with recording a telephone conversation is that the recorded volume of the two speakers may be very different. A simple tap will have this problem. An in- ear microphone, while involving an additional distorting step by converting the electrical signal to sound and back again, in practice gives better- matched volume. Dedicated, and relatively expensive, telephone recording equipment equalizes the sound at both ends from a direct tap much better. Telephone tapping (also wire tapping or wiretapping in American English) is the monitoring of telephone and Internet conversations by a third party, often by covert means. The wire tap received its name because, historically. Phil Tead, Actor: The Front Page. Phil Tead was born on September 29, 1893 in Somerville, Massachusetts, USA as Phillips Tead. He was an actor, known for The Front Page (1931), Kiki (1931) and Six of a Kind (1934). On April 9th, Dropbox announced that Condoleezza Rice will be joining their Board of Directors. Dropbox's CEO, Drew Houston, posted the following message.We're proud to welcome Dr. Condoleezza Rice to our Board. 100 Greatest Movie Performances of All Time by Premiere Magazine (part 3, by reverse ranking) #. Location data. This liability will only increase as the new third- generation (3. G), LTE, Wi. MAX, and fourth- generation (4. G) phones are introduced, as the base stations will be located closer together. For mobile phones the major threat is the collection of communications data. This data is stored with the details of the call and has utmost importance for traffic analysis. It is also possible to get greater resolution of a phone's location by combining information from a number of cells surrounding the location, which cells routinely communicate (to agree on the next handoff. This additional precision must be specifically enabled by the telephone company. In 2. 00. 4, the Federal Communications Commission was asked to clarify how the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) related to Internet service providers. As of 2. 00. 9, warrantless surveillance of internet activity has consistently been upheld in FISA court. With modern advancements in encoding technologies, the resulting combined file is essentially indistinguishable to anyone attempting to view it, unless they have the necessary protocol to extract the hidden file. Governments, law enforcement and intelligence services use mobiles to perform surveillance in the UK and the US. They possess technology to activate the microphones in cell phones remotely in order to listen to conversations that take place near to the person who holds the phone. While the phone is turned on, the geographical location of a mobile phone can be determined easily (whether it is being used or not), using a technique known as multilateration to calculate the differences in time for a signal to travel from the cell phone to each of several cell towers near the owner of the phone. The third generation digital phones are harder to monitor because they use digitally encoded and compressed transmission. However the government can tap mobile phones with the cooperation of the phone company. This is possible because, while the mobile phone has to authenticate itself to the mobile telephone network, the network does not authenticate itself to the phone. Though it is allowed by the USA PATRIOT Act, it is considered a questionable practice by many citizens. Canadians are not allowed to record a conversation legally that they are not a part of. The police must apply for a warrant beforehand to legally eavesdrop on the conversation. It must be expected that it will reveal evidence to a crime. State agents are lawfully allowed to record conversations but, to reveal the evidence in court, they must obtain a warrant. History. Telephone wiretapping began in the 1. Wiretapping has also been carried out under most Presidents, sometimes with a lawful warrant since the Supreme Court ruled it constitutional in 1. On October 1. 9, 1. U. S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, who served under John F. Johnson, authorized the FBI to begin wiretapping the communications of Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. The wiretaps remained in place until April 1. June 1. 96. 6 at his office. All other telephone services, such as call forwarding and message taking, were handled by human operators. This got rid of standard wiretapping techniques. These fiber lines, which are . From the 1. 99. 0s to the present, the majority of communications between fixed locations is achieved by fiber. Because these fiber communications are wired, they're given greater protection under U. S. Later on wiretaps were installed at the central office on the frames that held the incoming wires.
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